Around the turn of the fourteenth century, the Delhi sultan Alauddin Khalji asked the Islamic scholar Qazi Mughisuddin about the legal status of the Hindus within his domains and the permissibility of conferring dhimmi status upon them. The qazi directed that the Muslims must treat the Hindus this way, as quoted in my new book The History of Jihad.
If the officer throws dirt in their mouths, they must without reluctance open their mouths wide to receive it…. The due subordination of the Dhimmi is exhibited in this humble payment, and by this throwing of dirt in their mouths. The glorification of Islam is a duty, and contempt for religion is vain. Allah holds them in contempt, for he says, “Keep them in subjection.” To keep the Hindus in abasement is especially a religious duty…
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